Patrick Henry Speech - 892 Words

The reason Patrick Henry orated the speech, Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death, is to convince the House of Burgesses that there is no other alternative but war. Henry starts off by acknowledging the patriotism and abilities of the men who spoke before, and against him. Henry goes on to persuade his audience by use of rhetorical questions and comparisons to religious beliefs. Henry’s speech was very motivations, and inspirational, as well as urgent and persuasive. Patrick Henry did a good job, and at the height of his speech, he convinces the House of Burgesses that the war needs to be fought. The first thing Henry did when giving his speech was he complimented his opponents, in order to gain their respect and trust. Since the audience†¦show more content†¦Henry starts off by acknowledging the patriotism and abilities of the men who spoke before, and against him. Henry goes on to persuade his audience by use of rhetorical questions and comparisons to religious beliefs. Henry’s speech was very motivations, and inspirational, as well as urgent and persuasive. Patrick Henry did a good job, and at the height of his speech, he convinces the House of Burgesses that the war needs to be fought. The first thing Henry did when giving his speech was he complimented his opponents, in order to gain their respect and trust. Since the audience respects Henry, they will be more willing to listen to what it is he has to say. He then asks for forgiveness in advance for anything he says that might disrespect or offend them, or anyone else. Henry justifies the cause for his speech, using a false dilemma to make the audience believe that there is only two options, when in fact, there are many more. The two options he gives them are freedom, and slavery. Henry then goes on and makes a reference to God and to America, as a way toShow MoreRelatedPatrick Henry Speech1101 Words   |  5 PagesPatrick Henry, a devoted patriot and wise man fulfilled a position in the Virginia convention. After the Intolerable Acts imposed by King George on the colonies, Americans suffered an unfair rule, where Great Britain took control. In 1775 Patrick Henry introduced a resolution to the Virginia Convention to form the local militia to be prepared to fight the British. In order to gain approvals from his collies, Henry employs rhetorical appeals witch help him urge his purpose and take the lead with theRead MorePatrick Henry Speech Summary819 Words   |  4 PagesPatrick Henry, a formal attorney, a politician, an orator, and a founding father who served as Colonel in the first Virginia regiment during the revolutionary war gave his famous speech at the Virginia House of Burgesses to declare independence from Great Britain. Although Patrick Henry wanted to establish peace and liberty with the British, nothing was working in order to establish harmony while doing it peacefully. Therefore, the only way to achieve these goals is to initiate a full out war agai nstRead MorePatrick Henry Speech Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1775, Patrick Henry gave America one of the most inspiring speeches that will bring soon bring them together with war on the rise. â€Å"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death† has become the battle-cry to the people in the colonies to take a stand against Britain’s rule and make America their own country. Even after the attempted peace between the two countries, it has been exhausted to the breaking point, and it has come to the time where fighting for their own freedom is the only viable option. Henry’sRead MoreEssay On Patrick Henry Speech1176 Words   |  5 PagesRationalism- Discussion Questions Speech in the Virginia Convention S.O.A.P.S Subject: Patrick Henry giving a speech to get the people at the House of Burgesses to go to war with Great Britain for their freedom. Occasion: Richmond, Virginia on March 23, 1775. Audience: House of Burgesses. Purpose: Patrick Henry’s purpose was to convince the people at the House of Burgesses to go to war for their freedom. Find a quote that illustrates the following rhetorical appeals Ethos: â€Å"I have but one lamp byRead MorePatrick Henry Speech Essay2113 Words   |  9 PagesValue: God is on their side and they trust in Him Text 1: â€Å"Speech to the Virginia Convention† by Patrick Henry â€Å"There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations; and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us.† â€Å"Sir we are not weak, if we make a proper use of the means which the God of nature hath placed in our power.† Patrick Henry’s speech shows that they trust in Him by saying that God is always going to be by their side, and is going to fight their battles with themRead MoreAnalysis Of Patrick Henry s Speech955 Words   |  4 Pagesliberty or give me death† Patrick Henry’s speech to the Virginia Convention written and spoken by Patrick Henry raised the people s attention. He spoke passionate words because he no longer wanted to be a slave to Britain.The men that attended the Virginia Convention realized that they needed to start fighting back after all the troubles the British caused. The British terrorized innocent people of America, even killed men, women, and children. In his speech he proposed resolutions to prepareRead MoreAnalysis Of Patrick Henry s Speech885 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 23 of 1775, Patrick Henry gave a speech to his fellow Virginians at Saint John’s Church- Richmond, VA. What did he want Virginians to do? He needed to tell the Virginians to arm and defend themselves. Patrick Henry wanted everyone to be on the same page as him on the subject of their independence. He wanted their independence no matter the cost. He was willing to go to war. The point of his speech was to have the Virginians on his side about starting to rise against their mother land andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Patrick Henry s Speech1375 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Independence, and one of the most influential was Patrick Henry. In his famous speech â€Å"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death† Patrick Henry delivered a powerful speech through the manipulative use of language and word choice. On March 23, 1775, the third Virginia convention was held in St. John s Church in Richmond. The convention was held to discuss relations with Great Britain. This was the place where Patrick Henry made his timeless speech Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death! to the House of BurgessesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Patrick Henry s Speech1341 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Patrick Henry’s Speech in the Virginia Convention (Brainstormed with Caroline Schwanawede, written independently) Amid the early conflicts between the American colonists and the British government, in addition to their supporters, these two groups experienced the difficult reality of colliding with an opposing set of values and lifestyles to their own, leading to mutual feelings of hostility and resentment and establishing a widespread want for a revolution in the colonialRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Patrick Henry s Speech1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I hope to convince the reader that Patrick Henry’s speech â€Å"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death† given on March 23rd, 1775, at the third Virginia convention, held in St. John s Church in Richmond, was the best argument to encourage American colonists to support the cause of independence from Britain. The main reason Patrick Henry’s speech was so effective was through his use of emotion and logic to convince colonists’ that they were dealing with the question of whether they are content

Water and Vinegar Egg Free Essays

ROLL 9 ISLOM JALOLOV 12/21/2011 LAB REPORT ROLL 9 ISLOM JALOLOV EGG LAB REPORT PURPOSE: WHICH IS MORE PERMEABLE SALT WATER, VINEGAR, OR CORN SYRUP APPARATUS: STRING, RULER, E-BALANCE, 250 ML BEAKERS, PEN MATERIALS: EGG, WATER, SALTY WATER, CORN SYRUP, VINEGAR INTRODUCTION: I AM DOING A LAB REPORT ABOUT EGGS, I’M USING SALTY WATER, VINEGAR, CORN SYRUP, AND I AM GOING TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT WHICH IS MORE PERMEABLE THAN ALL. REALISTIC STATEMENT: YES MY RESULTS ARE REALISTIC PROCEDURE: STEP #1: COLLECT ALL THE SUPPLIES I NEED STEP #2: HAVE A NOTEBOOK TO COPY THE DOWN THE RESULTS STEP #3: FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS, THAT SHOWS HOW TO DO THE TESTING ON EGGS STEP #4: OBSERVE WHAT I HAVE CONCLUSION: THEREFORE ALLMOST ALL OF THEM ARE PERMEABLE DATA TABLE 1From: vinegarTo: corn  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  syrup  | -Height increased from vinegar in 2 daysFrom: 16 cmNormal eggTo: 19cmAfter vinegar-But the egg deflated and diameter was UndeniableAfter corn syrup  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | -Width increased from vinegar in 2 daysFrom: 14. 5cmTo: 17cm-Egg deflated in the corn syrup and diameter was Undeniable| 100. We will write a custom essay sample on Water and Vinegar Egg or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2gEgg smelled like vinegar till the end of the experiment118. 6gCorn syrup did not change color| Before the project-58. g  Egg was still white, although, it’s crust was very smoothAfter vinegar egg was smooth and had liquid’s smellAfter vinegar-87. 7gEgg deflated after corn syrupCorn syrup71. 9g| 2From:VinegarTo: water| -Height increased from the vinegar that egg was in for 2 daysFrom: 16 cm Normal eggTo: 18cm After vinegar-After water egg’s height increased21cm  After water| Mass of the vinegar:149. 8gEgg was on topPlus the egg swelled the liquidMass of the water;98. 2gEgg was in its biggest state| Mass of the vinegar:149. 8gEgg was on topPlus the egg swelled the liquidMass of the water;98. gEgg was in its biggest state| Mass of the eggMass after vinegarMass after waterEgg was seen throughIn white orange dots all over the egg| 3From: vinegarTo: salt-water| -Height increased from the vinegar that egg was in for 2 days  From: 16. 5 cmNormal egg heightTo: 20 cmAfter vinegar-And when the egg was in water for 1 day it  decreased in height by 2 cm  18cm after water| -Width increased by 3. 5 cmFrom: 14. 5cmNormal eggTo: 18cm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After vinegar-And when the egg was in water for 1 day it  decreased in height by 2 cm(16cm) after salt water| Mass of the vinegar;108. gEgg soak the liquidMass of the salt water:130. 5gEgg soak the liquid| Mass of the egg:  51. 9gMass after vinegar:61. 4gEgg soak the liquid  Mass after salt-water:81. 9gSmelled like vinegar White colorGummy and very soft Very big in size| GROUP #1 GROUP #2 GROUP #3 DIAGRAM STRING RULER E-BALANCE 250 BEAKER PEN 1. WHAT HAPPENS TO AN EGG IF YOU LET IT SOAK IN WATER FOR A VERY LONG TIME? WHY? The egg usually becomes lose and heavy, also its size gets larger, these things happen because it was in the water 2. WHY DID WE SOAK THE EGG IN VINEGAR? To see if the egg was permeable to the vinegar 3. WHY DID THE EGG IN THE CORN SYRUP SHRINK? Lots of the go out of the egg and get mixed with Corn Syrup so it gets smaller and its weight changes 4. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE EGG IN THE WATER? WHY? The egg got smaller and it looked little bigger than the first time. It changes because I think the Corn Syrup has elements that shrank the egg but water doesn’t. 5. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE EGG IN THE SALT WATER? WHY? It got the egg to becomes really small I think because salt has lots of elements so it happen because of the Salt How to cite Water and Vinegar Egg, Papers

Health and Social Care Best Care

Question: Write an essay on Health and Social Care. Answer: Introduction Health and social care is the sector which attempts to make connection within people and the service providers are bound to give their best care services to the service users through effective communication. Therefore, communication is one of the key aspects in the health and social care sector. In this context, it can be said that for providing excellent service to the health and social care users, they should have sufficient skills and knowledge for making an effective communication with the patients (Baillie 2014). It has been revealed that effective communication and interaction within the care providers and care users enhance the efficiency of care processes and make the improvement faster. In this assignment, the major concern is the exploration of communication theories and skills which are used in the health and social care sector for effective communication process (Mrtensson and Hensing 2012). In this context, cultural factors, perceptions, legislations, policies and proced ures affecting the health and social care services are also discussed. In addition, the ICT software which is used in the Health and social care sector for enhancing the effective communication would be discussed here. Exploring communication skills in health and social care Application of relevant theories of communication to health and social care context There are different theories which are used for understanding the communication skills used in the health care context. Within these theories, the behaviorist theory, cognitive theory, operant conditioning theory and social learning theories are relevant to the case scenarios of health and social care. According to the behaviorist theory, several environmental stimuli can shape or influence individuals behavior (Barry and Edgman-Levitan 2012). This theory discusses that behaviors are gained via conditioning and based on the fact it has been highlighted that learning is done through different views. Here, in Annas case scenario, Anna felt bad due to the negative behavioral and communication skills of the doctor and nursing professionals. The negative communication also affected her primary health assessment which could be better through a good communication process. The doctor failed to assess her medical history. On the other hand, in Panorama documentary, the elderly patients have b een abused as a result of communication deficiency (Lapkin et al. 2012). According to the social learning theory, the social relationship establishment within nurse, doctor and patients is very important for enhancing the efficiency of social patients positive health outcomes. According to this theory, the nurse can be a good role model for the patient who can promote the healthy and positive image of the hospital. Applying the social learning theory for analyzing the case studies in the assignment, it has been revealed that Anna has not been treated with a good communication by the doctor; rather there was no positive communication within the patient and doctor (Coleman et al. 2012). The doctor blamed Anna that she might be drunk and she is wasting their precious time, but he did it by only observing her, health assessment was not prioritized. On the other hand, in Panorama case study, it has been seen that there was a lack of positive relationship development within the elderly patients and nurses due to inconvenience of nursing professionals care servi ces. According to the Operant conditioning theory, there are two reinforcement in behavioral aspects. In the positive one, the particular behavioral consequences receive the expected outcomes, in contrast, the negative behavioral aspects results in the removal of unpleasant things. In the current case scenario, Annas doctor made her husband feel bad by reinforcing negative behavior; he did not provided required health care serviced needed by the patient at that situation. In spite of completing his duty of care, he blamed Anna for her physical condition, that she was drunk without analyzing her previous health history. It influenced Ana and her husbands thought negatively (Guise et al. 2012). Additionally, the Panorama documentary showed negatively that the communication leads to negative communicative effects. Use of communication skills in the health and social care context Two way communications is important in the health and social care sector where there would be the involvement of both care user and care providers (Cowles 2012). The important communication skills which are important in the health and social care sector include listening skills paraphrasing, explanation, reflecting, consulting, questioning and consulting. In the context of Annas case study, the doctor did not have adequate communication skills. He did not allowed her husband to interact with him properly, on spite of investigating the proper reason behind Annas condition, being judgmental; he interpreted Annas condition in his own way, thereby showing lack of communication skills in respect to work at any health and social care context. However, I always prioritize positive communication while dealing with my patients in my workplace. I always prefer to allow the patients or patients family to express their view and ideas regarding their current status. After listening to their concern, I always attempt to assess all the information provided by the patient as well as attempt to investigate their previous medical history and analyze those on the basis of their current condition. In the panorama documentary, the elder patients attempted to interact with the nursing professionals regarding their issues for completing ADLs, however, nurses did not show dignity or respect towards the patient, in spite of that they continuously promoted miscommunication by not listening the patient properly and forcing the patient to do some work which is beyond her wish. It decreased the patient satisfaction as well as patients positive health outcomes (Glasby and Dickinson 2014.) In this context, I always try to satisfy my patients by providing a supportive environment and prioritizing their needs, both emotional and physical. I always keep myself ready to listen any kinds of my patients concern. In contrast to the panorama case scenario, I always prefe r to avoid any kind of negative body language while talking with elderly patients and try to keep my pitch low as well as try to make the conversation transparent by questioning the patient about any kinds of problem. Review of methods for dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings Interpersonal communication refers to the communication which influences people to manage and strengthen relationship. According to Glasby (2012) pain and other patients issues can become less through the prioritization of interpersonal communication. If Annas doctor attempts to use effective interpersonal communication skills to establish positive relationship with the patient and family, she might feel better and there might be a chance of her proper health assessment, thereby maximizing her recovery. The uncertainty theory discusses how to deal with inadequate communication. With the help of this theory, it has been seen that in panorama case study, nursing professionals were discussing their personal issues in front of the patient which might reduce her satisfaction and recovery. Inadequate and unprofessional behavior of the nursing staffs can be minimized by providing proper training to the staffs. In addition, proper review system and strict professional regulation can minimize these kinds of inconvenience in workplace. Nurses could then be more concern about avoiding negligence towards patient. After addressing these kinds of activities, immediately observer should report higher authority to undertake strict action (Guise et al. 2012). Analysis of strategies for supporting users of health and social care services with specific communication needs For overwhelming the barriers in communication within care givers and users, care givers should be trained adequately for gaining knowledge about different languages and specific needs of diverse class of people. The health care centre should promote the development of a transparent communication strategy which would help the professionals to understand the specific needs of patients (Thompson and McCabe 2012). While assessing the patient, the health care professionals should make eye contact and show respect and dignity towards patient, using appropriate non verbal communication skills is a key aspect to eliminate communication or language barrier in health care sector. In Annas case, the doctor could not understood Annas body language and did not made eye contact with them, promoting miscommunication. Understanding the influence of the communication process in health and social care Influence of values and cultural factors on the communication process Values and cultures are the pillars of communication and interpersonal relationship within the service users and service providers. According to Ogden (2012) the organizational culture is influenced by the contribution of each members of the organization, therefore, negative consequences in the organizational culture is the result of inadequate values and culture of the nursing staffs in the health care organization. For example, in panorama case study, the nurses perception, values and inadequate culture affected the recovery of the elderly patients through abuse. Culture is related to social behavior and perception which is specific for individual communities. Cross cultural communication skills are very important for the health care staffs as they have to deal with patients from different communities and they should use a transparent and understandable language by everyone Griffiths et al. 2012). In this context, some people believe in looking directly into eyes during communicati on is bad, whereas others influence eye contact during communication. Sometimes, it has also been seen that patients prefer to be assisted or cared by the professional of same sex, for an example, women has been addressed to take care from a male doctor or nurse (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). In this context, professionals should prioritize patients demand for satisfaction. In Annas case, the professional did not provide value to patients condition showing an inefficient culture. Therefore, the doctor should be trained how to deal with sub-cultural patients. Impact of legislations, charters and codes of practices on the communication process of health and social care A number of ethical codes and legislations are applied to the activities in health and social care sectors. Data protection Act 1998 is followed by the health and social care organizations for protecting the information provided by the patients about their personal records. Annas doctor did not even record her personal information and did not analyze her previous health history which might help him to assess the patient. The organization should follow the Public Health law, 2010 by which government can review the organizational policies and procedures. The disability discrimination Act, 1992 helps to promote equal opportunity to all the disable patients in the health care facilities like other patients (Vardaman et al. 2012). The Anti-Discrimination Act, 1977 helps to avoid any kinds of racial, gender or economic status related discrimination of patients by the care providers through effective communication. In addition, the ethical and professional codes ensure that the organization and members are complying with their duties, thereby ensuring appropriate use of communication strategies and communication skills. In the panorama case studies, the nurses did not showed patients dignity and breached the disability discrimination act as well as data protection act, as they did not comply with their adequate role of assisting the elderly patient (Glasby and Dickinson 2014). Effectiveness of organizational systems and policies in promoting good communication practices The health care organization should implement effective organizational tools for promoting effective communication within the professionals and patients. In this context, organization should arrange training programs for newly joined members for improving the communication process via e-mail, internet applications, e-records. These would help to enhance the efficiency good communication processes (Verlinde et al. 2012). Policies according to the promotion of the health and social care legislation helps to manage information, recording, sorting, documenting and keeping the information confidential. In this context, the Data protection Act 1998 helps to protect all the information related aspects for safeguarding patients. The confidentiality policy implemented in the organization according to the Confidentiality act ensures that the personal information of patients will be kept confidential. The human right act 1998 helps to ensure high quality of care and dignity through the organizational policies and procedures (Vis et al. 2012). All of these policies and procedures help to promote good communication process. In the panorama case scenario, it has been clearly reviewed that lack of adequate monitoring and reviewing system is the major reason behind the elderly abuse. Thus, frequent assistance is required for developing effective monitoring system in the health and social care organization for reducing these kinds of negligence (Degni et al. 2012). Suggesting ways to improve communication process in health and social care settings There are a number of ways by which the communication process in the health and social care settings can be improved. A review team can be established including nurse, doctor, consultant, social worker and managers and the role of this team would be to review day to day improvement in the organizational activities. In addition, this team would review the adherence of the organizational procedures with the health and social care policies and legislations. It would help to improve the performance of each staff by avoiding any kinds of inconvenience in the health care service. Training is very important for strengthening the communication skills and performance of each member. As in the case of elderly abuse and Annas physical condition, it has been revealed that due to lack of knowledge about how to communicate with disable or elderly patients, the negative consequences were enhancing, therefore, training can improve the situation (Saleebey 2012). Exploring the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in health and social care Accessibility and application of standard ICT software packages in order to provide support work in the health and social care sector The ICT technologies are nowadays used very frequently in the health and social care sectors for enhancing the efficiency of communication processes. These technologies give the accessibilities of patients and other important information via telecommunication applications including wireless network, internet, cell phones and other communication mediums. The information through this software can be protected and distributed thoroughly (Green et al. 2012). In the health and social care sector, a number of software are used including word processing software for formatting and editing text based information including letters, memos, spreadsheet. In addition, the medical software which used in health and social care sector include electronic health record system (EHR), picture archiving and communication system (PACKS), clinical decision support system (CDS) and other important machines like Automated dispensing Machines (ADMS) (Moss 2012). I have used standard ICT software while working in my organization. I have operated electric diary record and electronic health records for accessing patients regular health information. I have always attempted to follow the organizational policy. It helped me to keep the records confidential while updating the records regularly. For accessing the screenshot, I search for vital signs in Google search engine. The machine can efficiently measure pulse rate, blood pressure, SPo2 and temperature. In addition, this machine gives information for setting the care plan for the patients (Moorhead et al. 2013). Evaluating the advantages of using ICT in the health and social care for users of this services, associated workers and organization There are a number of advantages of using ICT software in the health and social care sector. Through the use of e-mail, internet and telephone, some important information about patients condition can be discussed with the professional at the time of emergency. Through SMS also an important message can be conveyed to others very quickly with quick reply. Through the help of internet and telecommunication, at any situation, patients can consult with doctors about their prescribed medication and other medical help. Sometimes the use of e-medicine gives the information about the drugs, illness based on which the treatment is planned (Mockford et al. 2012). The telehealth is ICT software provides people different options for controlling their daily activities, such as it provides opportunities to dementia patients to be involved in music, selecting audio and tracks and thereby enhancing their satisfaction. The ICT software promotes the involvement of family of patients in care activities which influences the positive environment. With the help of ICT software the care workers can reduce the medical errors which can help to enhance the quality of care by improving the patient security related aspects with the use of correct information about the service user (Best et al. 2012). Analysis of the legal considerations regarding the use of ICT effect on health and social care services A number of legislation is considered in the health and social care sector for using ICT applications in the organization. Using ICT software can involve a number of health related problems in people using the software. Working with the ICT software can cause pain in upper limb along with injury in arms, cramp and repetitive. It also affects eye strength negatively. It can also cause backache. Legislations related to the information protection including the Data protection act 1998 depicts that all the personal information related to the patient and all the medication should be kept confidential, safely stored and distributed with the proper care, thereby ensuring consumers protection (Kohorn 2012). The data protection Act 1998 and the act of health and safety of employees act 1974, the care givers should be responsible for their legal duties according to appropriate legal and safety framework at the health and social care organization (Mitchell et al. 2012). The electronic database is safer for keeping patients data safely than written documents; there is less chance of misplacing data. With the help of Computer Misuse act 1990, the health care operators can minimize the misuse of patients personal and health related information in other work, thereby enhancing the quality of service. In the case study, lack of nurses compliance with the legislative framework and codes of professional conducts has been identified which needs strict regulation and monitoring system. Conclusion This assignment highlighted the importance communication in the health and social care sector and the role of health care workers in achieving the goals of healthcare. It has been revealed that effective communication and interaction within the care providers and care users enhance the efficiency of care processes and make the improvement faster. In this assignment, the major concern is the exploration of communication theories and skills which are used in the health and social care sector for effective communication process. The use and importance of ICT software in the health and social care sector has also been discussed here. Reference List Baillie, L., 2014. Developing practical nursing skills. CRC Press. Barry, M.J. and Edgman-Levitan, S., 2012. Shared decision makingthe pinnacle of patient-centered care.New England Journal of Medicine,366(9), pp.780-781. Best, A., Greenhalgh, T., Lewis, S., Saul, J.E., Carroll, S. and Bitz, J., 2012. Largeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ system transformation in health care: a realist review.Milbank Quarterly,90(3), pp.421-456. Coleman, E., Bockting, W., Botzer, M., Cohen-Kettenis, P., DeCuypere, G., Feldman, J., Fraser, L., Green, J., Knudson, G., Meyer, W.J. and Monstrey, S., 2012. Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7.International Journal of Transgenderism,13(4), pp.165-232. Cowles, L.A., 2012.Social work in the health field: A care perspective. Routledge. Abington. Degni, F., Suominen, S., Essn, B., El Ansari, W. and Vehvilinen-Julkunen, K., 2012. Communication and cultural issues in providing reproductive health care to immigrant women: health care providers experiences in meeting somali women living in finland.Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,14(2), pp.330-343. Glasby, J. and Dickinson, H., 2014. Partnership working in health and social care: what is integrated care and how can we deliver it?. Policy Press. Glasby, J. and Dickinson, H., 2014.Partnership working in health and social care: what is integrated care and how can we deliver it?. Policy Press. Glasby, J., 2012. Understanding health and social care. Policy Press. Griffiths, F., Cave, J., Boardman, F., Ren, J., Pawlikowska, T., Ball, R., Clarke, A. and Cohen, A., 2012. Social networksThe future for health care delivery.Social science medicine,75(12), pp.2233-2241. Guise, V., Chambers, M. and Vlimki, M., 2012. What can virtual patient simulation offer mental health nursing education?. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 19(5), pp.410-418. Lapkin, S., Levett-Jones, T. and Gilligan, C., 2013. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interprofessional education in health professional programs. Nurse education today, 33(2), pp.90-102. Mrtensson, L. and Hensing, G., 2012. Health literacya heterogeneous phenomenon: a literature review. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 26(1), pp.151-160. Mitchell, P., Wynia, M., Golden, R., McNellis, B., Okun, S., Webb, C.E., Rohrbach, V. and Von Kohorn, I., 2012. Core principles values of effective team-based health care. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine. Mockford, C., Staniszewska, S., Griffiths, F. and Herron-Marx, S., 2012. The impact of patient and public involvement on UK NHS health care: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,24(1), pp.28-38. Moorhead, S.A., Hazlett, D.E., Harrison, L., Carroll, J.K., Irwin, A. and Hoving, C., 2013. A new dimension of health care: systematic review of the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication. Journal of medical Internet research,15(4), pp.85-90. Moss, B., 2012.Communication skills in health and social care. Sage. London. Ogden, J., 2012.Health psychology. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Saleebey, D., 2012.The strengths perspective in social work practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Thompson, L. and McCabe, R., 2012. The effect of clinician-patient alliance and communication on treatment adherence in mental health care: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry,12(1), p.1-5. Ting-Toomey, S. and Chung, L.C., 2012.Understanding intercultural communication. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Vardaman, J.M., Cornell, P., Gondo, M.B., Amis, J.M., Townsend-Gervis, M. and Thetford, C., 2012. Beyond communication: The role of standardized protocols in a changing health care environment.Health care management review,37(1), pp.88-97. Verlinde, E., De Laender, N., De Maesschalck, S., Deveugele, M. and Willems, S., 2012. The social gradient in doctor-patient communication.Int J Equity Health,11(1). Vis, S.A., Holtan, A. and Thomas, N., 2012. Obstacles for child participation in care and protection caseswhy Norwegian social workers find it difficult. Child Abuse Review, 21(1), pp.7-23.

Markstrat Final Management Report Essay Example

Markstrat Final Management Report Paper In Sonnet market was to create sustainable profit to scuffs sustainable growth with high margins, market share and enough budgets for Votive Entry. In order to achieve our objective, inspired by focusing on competition and Consumer focus, our strategy was to differentiate our brand upgrade our products based on our target segments? needs. To achieve our objective, although we had a new market Votive where there was a huge opportunity of being a market leader by spending considerable amount of budget, we allocated some of our reserves to Sonnet market as It was a such bigger market compared to Votive. Mainly, we focused on customer expectations. From conjoint analysis and semantic scales marketing research data, we analyzed the customer perceptions, ideal levels for product attributes, product features and modified our existing products or developed new products. We tried to be the product leader by offering the best product to each segment targeted. We targeted SAM for Others, ASANA for Singles, SAIL Tort Pros Ana HI Earners Ana or outs. Meanwhile we 010 cost reaction projects for all brands to use cost advantage and sell with higher margins. We set the price mostly again based on customer perceptions and tried to lower the price or keep price increase at feasible levels. Based on the distribution panel surveys, we allocated the sales force to sales channels according to the shopping habits of segments and total sales figures. We will write a custom essay sample on Markstrat Final Management Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Markstrat Final Management Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Markstrat Final Management Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First we decided on the total number of the sales force to be allocated to brands and then by weighted average, we divided them in between the distribution channels as shown on Appendix 2. We also continued to invest our budget on advertisement in Sonnies, by not ignoring our penetration tragedy with heavily advertisement and sales force for the new market Votive. In our initial management report as our Votive market strategy, we stated that our main objective was to be the market leader by being Pioneer comparing our RD budgets with our competitors. But firm with the highest budget and targeting lowest product features entered market in the 13th period. Because of our budget constraint and better product improvement target we were late but we did not give up. With other two firms we decided to use the advantages of being ? such as rather than being replacement or substitute or the pioneer, we choose to position ourselves as variety enhancers with different product features. Based on market researches, we defined the needs of the targeted customer segment and we tried to improve our product according to defined segment requirements. In our initial management report, we stated our strategies according to be the Pioneer in Votive market. Our stated objective was to become the market leader in the Votive market and benefit from higher margins. Committing our above stated objective, we adapted some of our strategies being an ? Follower?C,-1?0 as firm became Pioneer in the Votive market. Making a leapfrog action with our positioning strategy, we mostly targeted optimal cost and relatively high product features instead of imitating pioneer? VODKA. We determined positioning of our brands with and earning from our competitor mistakes. As market researches shown ? and had the highest relative importance for most of the customer segments, we tried to focus on those attributes with the right consumer segments; AVIVA for Adaptors?C,-1?0 and ? and VAST for and By the end of period 6, the leader of the Votive market which is Firm E is overcome by drowsiness therefore we went up to second place with our increasing net contribution, we had seen that our implementation of our strategies succeeded. Continuing to analyze the steps of our competitors what they can do, incorrectly analyzing our company opportunities how we can increase our sales, to increase our net contribution we tried to increase our market penetration. Based on our past experiences we were aware that to increase sales our competitors would decrease the retail prices. We were ready for these scenarios; we invested on cost reduction in period 7 in order to be able to decrease our retail prices and not to decrease our profit margin. Competing in overcrowded market, prospects for profits and growth reduced. As a result of this decrease at period 4, increased competition of price turn the water bloody (? Ocean?C,-1?0 as Chain Kim and Renee Unbroken); with all of our competitors we had the same budget (at that period we were in 4th range). It was an excellent opportunity for us. With the same budget capabilities we got the chance to use same amount of RD, Sales and Advertisement opportunities in total. We focused on RD for Votive while it was our chance to get into a ocean?C,-1?0 of uncontested market to untainted competition. The most unexpected situation was to lose the chance of being Pioneer in Votive market. But this unexpected situation which seems negative at the beginning, turned out a positive taxation with the mistakes of firm They did not allocate enough budget for RD to enter first in the Votive market; they missed the importance of advertisement to create brand awareness and the product features in long term. With their low product features they did not believe in their product so they gave a rower II price exclusive AT null ease cost. Other unexpected case is related with the entering strategy of other early followers. Firm E entered the Votive market with a low cost low price strategy with a better product than O. Although we were expecting this move we did not think that such low price. Firm I is also entered Votive at the same with us but with a huge price that a market cannot ignore. This was the positive competitor move for us. With the higher profit margins comparing to Sonnies market, there were ample opportunity for growth in Votive market. With our strategy of simultaneous pursuit of differentiate our products and reduce our base costs with RD projects we decided to change our product features. But we failed to predict the production volumes precisely for some brands, SALE, AVIVA etc. Especially in the last periods; we missed the opportunity to sell more and the increase in our market share and margins.

Thinner - Literary Analysis essays

Thinner - Literary Analysis essays A Man With a Curse - Thinner - Literary Analysis There comes a time when everyone has to deal with an uncontrollable catastrophe. In Stephen Kings Thinner, Billy Halleck must try to take control of a disastrous situation that is not only unusual, it is also very shocking. Mr. Halleck is an average, caring father who works as a lawyer. However, Billy is also fifty pounds overweight, and according to Dr. Houston, should take up dieting. Unfortunately, a horrible series of events occur when Billy is involved in a traffic accident. Taduz Lemke, a mysterious Gypsy, (Who happens to be the father of the daughter killed in the accident.) has now cursed Billy, forcing him to lose weight at rapid and uncontrollable speed. No matter what amount of food Mr. Halleck eats, pounds continue to drop alarmingly. It is now up to Billy to track down the Gypsy who cursed him, and deal with the depressing emotions he and his family must face. It is almost impossible to deny the suspense that builds rapidly in Thinner, keeping you on the edge of your seat for long periods of time. In addition to this, character development and eerie descriptions never seem to escape your mind. In Thinner, Stephen King teaches us how friendship and family can make us feel happy when a crisis evolves. When Billy first realizes that he is strangely loosing weight, he then subsides into a state of denial. Rejection was clearly visible in Billy when he said to himself, All that Gypsy said was thinner. He didnt say, By the power vested in me I curse you to lose six to nine pounds a week until you die. This denial forces Billy to believe that only logic and reason can explain what is happening to him. This is a major factor when it comes to King describing the feelings Halleck is experiencing. However, when Billy realizes that all the tests and doctors dont comprehend what is wrong with him, he begins to believe it wa ...

An analysis of emerging markets

An analysis of emerging markets Introduction According to Jensen, T.H and Larsen, J.A.K (2004) from Denmark National Bank, emerging markets are defined as â€Å"sets of markets where by its economic and financial potential become sharper, an average of 5% of annual growth, an improving purchasing power-adjusted exchange rate due to lower price levels in these emerging markets and a fluctuated economic growth which explains a relatively larger share of the global cyclical fluctuations than their economic weight would indicate†. According Cavusgil, S.T (2002) the main characteristic of an emerging economy is it has started economic reform process to alleviate problems and have achieved steady gross national product (GNP) per capita growth, regional economic powerhouse with large populations, large resources bases, and large markets, increasing middle income population and governments tend to promote easy fiscal and expansion monetary policy to encourage Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and improve the living standards of its people. In this assignment, I have chosen China and Brazil as my choice of emerging markets. In my findings, I will discuss about business environments when doing business in these countries, suitable entry modes when dealing with different emerging markets and major business issues when entering emerging markets. In my conclusion, I will provide a conclusion and some recommendation when entering different emerging markets and justification on using different entry modes when dealing with different emerging markets. Findings These days, multinational companies are rushing into emerging markets for very obvious reasons. Emerging markets are full of potential with its untapped markets which has the ability to create new demand for consumer goods. This new wave of demand would help these multinational companies to gain more market shares and profits as liberalisation and globalisation forces are bringing the competition for customers into a higher level. With the satur ation of markets in developed economies such as US, multinational companies such as Ford’s Motor has turn to emerging markets such as India to maintain its position as one of the leaders in the automobile industry. (The Economists, 2009). Why are emerging markets so attractive to international companies? the worthiness of these emerging markets. PEST analysis will be conducted on China and Brazil. Political China has a fairly stable political stand these days. Its central government went through a political reform in 1978 and since promote openness in having political relationship with foreign countries. However even with its political reform, China remained as a communist State with high intervention by the central government on economy issues. (CIA FactBook, 2009). With its political reform, liberalisation forces sweep through the country where by exports, imports and FDI are moving in and out smoothly without much interference from the central government comparing to befor e its political reform. China also gained entry into World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 and this represents that China has the obligation to act within the context of WTO when dealing with trade issues. China is country which emphasize on â€Å"guanxi† or good relationship. According to Financial Times Limited (2002), having bad relationship with the government officials mean cutting down the chances of entering China or having any good business prospects in this country as can be seen in the PepsiCo case.

Charlotte's web Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charlotte's web - Essay Example It is true that in life the presence of both of these characters is important because both contribute a greater good of all to the world. The story describes Charlotte as a simple gray spider who tries to save Wilbur from being the food of the humans by planning a scheme in his favor. The story is an interesting example of friendship between two creatures different in size, shape, and nature. It explains that in life we need a company in order to survive, no matter if the friendship is for selfless or selfish reasons. Charlotte’s Web is a story elaborating how one can achieve anything if only they have the willpower and a string determination. It helps children understand the importance of will and teaches them a lesson and makes this book a perfect one to be read by all the children. Despite charlotte’s size she proves to be very helping for Wilbur, the pig, by saving its life with the power of her web. The spider’s web to an individual’s eyes seems weak and fragile but the story reveals that even if something seems weak and dainty doesn’t mean it is one. "A spiders web is stronger than it looks. Although it is made of thin, delicate strands, the web is not easily broken. However, a web gets torn every day by the insects that kick around in it, and a spider must rebuild it when it gets full of holes" (White et al 55). Secondly, to charlotte her web is like a paper, a medium through which she communicates. She uses her web to convey the messages to the people as she believes â€Å"People believe almost anything they see in print" (White et al 89). So, no matter how small a creature is if it knows its potential than nothing can stop it from using its power to make a mark. If Charlotte wouldn’t have been there then Wilbur could h ave died, who was triple her size. There is not much relation between fences and freedom for Wilbur, it seems that he has grown fond of being pampered by his owners. He is doubtful if he would like freedom, as at one occasion he

Consumer Behavior case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer Behavior case analysis - Essay Example Efficiency in the company will be increased when the customers are able to know about the company via the rides. That will cut on the cost that the company will use on advertising. That in one way will increase efficiency of the company’s advertising campaign and in another way increase the profitability of the company. Profitability will increase because of the reduced advertising costs. Halley should hold on to the ride as it has shown benefits to the customers and also to HOG. Customers get a great experience during the ride when they get to interact with the other customers and HOG personnel. This in turn is a good marketing strategy, because when the customer is happy the sales will improve. Alternatively, because the rides go on getting better, it would be appropriate just to keep them running rather than do away with them (Fournier 7). The Posse Rides bring customers together, help them bond and with other customers, together with their HOG staff. Judging from the riders comments, where some talk of finding new friends, as Brad, Marie, and Jim Stephens did. When executives participate in the ride, they get to know about the Halley customers, and to more understand their needs. Through the interactions they have, the executives are able to get the customers opinions and to better understand their view on the product and get to know how best to improve the next brand. The Posse Ride is also a marketing strategy as people get to know about the brand as they get to test the product. The Ride also removes a notion that being a rider is a very funny hobby, as one of the riders commented that her kids did not support her being a rider and sometimes were embarrassed, but after the ride, they have to embrace her being a rider. The Ride has a lot of benefit to the customer in the following areas, based on the research done from the Posse Ride; they get

Fashion work Essay Example for Free

Fashion work Essay During last February 2009 F/W New York fashion week, I had met uncountable number of people and cultures but on reflection, all the memories have been torn apart. Probably     because of my bad memory but I also was drunk on my cold medication. The last day when Ralph Lauren collection was on, that morning was even harder than others. When I was in agony between leaving the room or not, I remember that Korean PR manager told me about that Ralph Lauren wanted to say hi to Korean press people that time. Finally, I got into my clothes like a dying snail and got to the collection place right before the show started. While I was actually put opposite with his runway, I   Ã‚  envy   Ã‚  his talent and time which allows him to keep changes the way he wants. If any one can be like him, growing older may not be such a bad idea. After the show, Ralph Lauren waves his hand to people and literally all the people stood up to give him applause. Ralph Lauren, wearing white shirts with definite Ralph Lauren vest worn with vintage looking casual pants, was a lot order but better than the one that I used to remember. Like he was proving, that style is not something you try, it is something you live with. His face and style flows together like a story. After almost all people have left, he was walking up to Korean presses with kind smile on his face. Then, he gave a handshake with each and every one of us. I don’t remember what exactly we’ve talked about but I certainly remember how soft his hand was. It was hard to believe that he 40 years of Ralph Lauren has passed that hand. Just because I’ve met the fashion legend Ralph Lauren my self, my choice of that morning was very smart. If we go back 40 years of his life, how would young Ralph Lauren be? Passionate fashion issue maker just like the Marc Jacobs or Alexander Wang now days? If we fast forward the video of last 40 years of Ralph Lauren, the base is as same as current Ralph Lauren. â€Å"When I was young, I saw a pair of beautiful blue suede shoes every day on my way to school. Of course I didn’t have money to buy that right away so I waited to my birthday and I’ve got it. As time goes by, I became an adult but my mind is still just like a boy who wants something from the show window. It is only that something is not a suede shoes any more, but excitements about wanting and expecting something is still same like the old days to me.† It doesn’t matter if the style is pastoral or modern, whether the inspiration is African or American; his pursuing images are always same. American style elegant woman from natural family of America. The only unreal thing is that there is no sadness and/or poverty. The reason why even his design does not board us even when they present above and beyond the time frame is that Ralph Lauren’s women are arranged in classic discrepancy as wearing safari jacket on top of beaded dresses or wearing motor cycle jacket with diamond earring. As a start, he launched neck tie business in 1967. As he launched his premium men’s wear in 1968, Ralph Lauren genuinely started to grow as a company. Now, Ralph Lauren has lines of women’s wears, children’s wears, accessories, home furnishing and perfume. Those lines are ‘Polo by Ralph Lauren’, ‘Ralph Lauren Purple label’, ‘Ralph Lauren Collection’, ‘Black Label’, ‘Blue Label’, ‘Lauren by Ralph Lauren’, ‘Polo jeans Co,.’. ‘RRL’, ‘RXL’, ‘Rugby’, ‘Ralph Lauren childrens’ wear’, ‘American living’, ‘Chaps’, ‘Club Monaco’ etc†¦ Him, who never studied in design, quit school and worked for Necktie Company. His co-worker’s mind and style was ordinary. But, he wore custom jacket that has huge collar and side spread. He liked to create his own style. And when he first built his own tie company, he did not make famous narrowed tie but made wide spread tie which would look great on stylish people like Duke Windsor from 1930’s magazine and/or movies. â€Å"We label the neck tie our selves to the nick tie I’ve designed with my wife Ricky and her parents. That label called Polo and that was our start.† His necktie became the must-have items to raise men’s integrity. Based on his necktie, he launched men’s wear brand name ‘Polo by Ralph Lauren’ to show the entire look of American’s classical style with chic European tailoring. â€Å"I like the I.V. league look. That is comfortable and traditional. When I started to design men’s wear I used classic items like navy blazer, wrap tie, saddle shoes. Old schools for instance the likes of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton inspire me all the time.† Along the way, Ricky was the biggest reason for him to be interested in design women’s wear. Ricky is the traditional English style woman who is his partner of life and biggest inspiration of creative ideas.

Comparing Walt Whitman and Ralph Emerson :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Walt Whitman and Ralph Emerson Walt Whitman is Jay Leno and Ralph Emerson is Ed Hall. Walt takes the instructions announced by Emerson and runs gallantly with them making beautiful and insightful poetry. Walt Whitman and Ralph Emerson spoke out in an age where society was not ready for such dramatic writers. Whitman uses several of Emerson's topics and styles to be that good poet. Whitman elaborates on the characteristics of a poet, freedom, children, and animals. In order to understand any comparison of the two author's one must first read and comprehend that Emerson's writing are clearly an instruction manual that Whitman adopts in order to become an outstanding poet. Emerson believes we must, "look in vain for the poet whom I describe. We do not, with sufficient plainness, or sufficient profoundness, address ourselves to life, nor dare we chaunt our own times and social circumstances. If we filled the day with bravery, we should not shrink from celebrating it. Time and nature yield us many gifts, but not yet the timely man, the new religion, the reconciler, whom all things await" (Emerson 1653). Emerson is stating how everything can be a poem and a poet can reflect on valuable resources like nature to draw on and write. Whitman clearly uses this guide in order to write his poetry. He agrees that nature is a valuable tool. In addition, Whitman elaborates that any person and any nature is in itself poet and poem. He thinks America is full of poets. Whitman reflects saying, "I celebrate myself, and what I assume you shall assume, for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul . . . houses and rooms full of perfumes . . . the shelves are crowed with perfumes" (Whitman 2743). Whitman expresses himself and how he wants others to take notice and realize poetry is all around. People want freedom, and this characteristic is a focus in both poet's works. In Emerson freedom is referred to as, "the ancient British bards had for the title of their order, 'Those who are free throughout the world.' They are free, and they make free"(Emerson 1657).

Apa System

Referencing using the APA (American Psychological Association) style †¢ About this resource †¢ The APA style †¢ Part 1: In-text Citations †¢ Part 2: Collating a reference list †¢ A sample reference list in APA style †¢ Further reading †¢ Printable copy of this resource (75 KB) About this resource This resource explains some of the more common applications of the APA style. It is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ) (2010), pp. 169–224.You should always check your unit guide and/or with academic staff (unit chair, lecturer or tutor) to make sure that this is the correct referencing style for your unit. You must reference all material you use from all sources and acknowledge your sources in the body of your paper each time you use a fact, a conclusion, an idea or a finding from someone's work. This establishes the authority of your work and acknowledges the researchers and writers you have drawn u pon in your paper. It is necessary to cite your sources each time you: †¢ reproduce an author's exact words (quote), that is, copy word for word directly from a text.A page number must be given. †¢ use your own wording (summarise or paraphrase) to explain or discuss what someone has said. You are encouraged to provide page numbers. If you copy an entire table, chart, diagram or graph or if you take only some of the data contained in such sources, you must provide a reference. Sources such as journals, books, encyclopedias, computer programs and software, information from the internet, reports, newspapers, interviews, radio and television must be cited in the body of your paper and detailed in a reference list at the end. Information from Deakin study guides and readers must also be acknowledged.The APA style The APA style of referencing consists of two elements: (1) in-text citations giving author, year and sometimes page number in the body of the paper (2) a reference lis t at the end of the paper providing the complete details for each in-text citation. Part 1 of this resource deals with in-text citations. Part 2 of this resource shows how to present the related reference list entries for the in-text citations. Part 1: In-text Citations One author When you refer to a single author, include the author's family name and year of publication, using one of the forms shown here.Clay (2003) argues that having a planned approach to writing essays can be of great benefit. or Essay writing can be made much more manageable if a planned approach is taken (Clay, 2003). For citing an author or authors more than once in any one paragraph, see instructions under Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph. Multiple authors For two authors, include the family name of both authors and year as required. According to Antonakos and Kazanis (2003) there are advantages to keeping design and research methods simple. or There are advantages to keeping design and resear ch methods simple (Antonakos & Kazanis, 2003).Use ‘and' when family names are outside parentheses; use ‘&' when family names are inside parentheses. In the case of three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time, then in subsequent citations of this work use the family name of the first author plus ‘et al. ‘ and the year as required. Gagliardi, Frederickson and Shanley (2002) argue that in order to provide consistent care, healthcare professionals often face the dilemma of finding similarities in patient responses to illness while at the same time respecting the uniqueness of each individual patient.However, despite any apparent similarities in symptoms or limitations, Gagliardi et al. contend all patients should be treated differently. Furthermore, according to the Roy Adaptation Model (Roy & Andrews, 1999), nurses need to make comprehensive assessments of each patient. After the first citation of an author or authors in the narrative (i. e. the author's name does not appear in parentheses), you need cite only the family names/s in the same paragraph (i. e. no date required). For six or more authors use only the family name of the first author plus ‘et al. ‘ in all citations including the first. Use date as appropriate.Mahon et al. (1997) reviewed how nursing diagnosis content is presented in nursing textbooks. Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph In any one paragraph, if you cite an author/s more than once in the narrative (i. e. the author's name does not appear in parentheses), include family name/s and year the first time. In subsequent citations in the narrative in the same paragraph you need to cite only the family name/s, provided studies cannot be confused. According to Savage (2004) little attention has been given to the way a nurse might identify and †¦. Savage argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice †¦In discussing ways of researching emotion, Savage (2004) high lights the importance of†¦ When the name of the author/s and year are in parentheses in any one paragraph, the year is included in subsequent citations. Little attention has been given to the way a nurse might identify and †¦ (Savage, 2004). Savage (2004) argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice †¦ Secondary source Sometimes you read one author (secondary) who cites another (primary). In the example that follows, you have read Savage who referred to a publication by Lupton, but you did not read Lupton yourself.Lupton (as cited in Savage, 2004) distinguishes between â€Å"emotional labour† and â€Å"emotional work†. Note: The entry in the reference list is under Savage. Article or chapter in an edited book An edited book is one that consists of chapters or articles written by different authors. You need to acknowledge the author of the chapter or article you used. This author is cited in text (that is, in the body of the paper) in the same way as for one or more authors. In the example that follows, Naidoo has written a chapter in a book edited by Thorogood and Coombes. In the body of your assignment cite only Naidoo.Naidoo (2000) claims that risk factor simulation models†¦ Note: The entry in the reference list gives full details of the publication. Under the name of the author (Naidoo) you need to give the details of the chapter you read plus the details of the book. Group or organisation as author Where the author is a government agency, association, corporate body or the like, which has a familiar or easily understandable acronym, it is cited as follows: Obesity in Australian men and women increased during the 1980s (National Health and Medical Research Council [ NHMRC ], 1997). A single cause for obesity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. ( NHMRC , 1997). Note: The entry in the reference list is under National Health and Medical Research Council. No author name provided If no author is designated, cite the first few w ords of the title, and the year. Full title details are provided in the reference list entry. Studies suggest that many IVF couples would donate excess embryos to scientific research (â€Å"Embryo study,† 2004). Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter. Use italics and no quotation marks in text for the title of a periodical, book, brochure or report with no author.Two or more publications by the same author in the same year If an author has published two or more works in the same year, a lower case letters a,b,c and so forth are used after the date to distinguish between them. Letters are assigned according to the alphabetical order of the title. According to McDonald (2007c) †¦ McDonald (2007a) first suggested †¦ However it has also been noted that †¦ (McDonald, 2007b). No year of publication provided If there no year is given for a source, use n. d. (which stands for no date) after the author's name. In a detailed analysis, Jones (n. . ) argues †¦ Personal communication Personal communications can include letters, emails, personal interviews, telephone conversations and the like. Cite personal communications in text only; they are not included in a reference list. J. Robinson (personal communication, May 11, 2010) indicated †¦ †¦ (L. Frazer, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, personal communication, June 4, 2009) Electronic sources The principles for in-text citation of print sources also apply to electronic sources. All electronic sources should therefore be cited according to the name of the author/s.As for print sources, cite by title if there is no author. Many online articles are pdf files, i. e. copies of print documents, so they usually indicate page numbers. Use these page numbers when you cite information from such sources. Some articles are not pdf files and do not have page numbers. In these cases use paragraph numbers, if these are provided. Smith (2003, para. 3) claims †¦ If paragraph numbers are not provided and the document includes headings, use these headings and count the number of paragraphs. Smith (2003, Conclusion section, para. 3) claims †¦ QuotesShort quotes (fewer than 40 words) should run on as part of your sentence with double quotation marks to signal where the quote starts and finishes. The page where the quote comes from must be included. Clay (2003) argues that students experience writer's block because â€Å"they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas† (p. 47).. Alternatively, Students experience writer's block because â€Å"they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas† (Clay, 2003, p. 47). Long quotes, known as ‘block quotes' (more than 40 words) should: †¢ start on a new line be indented about 5 spaces from the left hand margin †¢ be double spaced †¢ omit quotation marks. For example: An import ant stage in assignment writing is planning. Clay (2003) comments that: Some students are tempted to plunge into writing their assignment, beginning with the introduction but soon find that they experience â€Å"writer's block† and cannot decide what to write next. The problem occurs because they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas about relating the theory to their practice. (p. 47) There are a variety of ways that students can plan †¦Part 2: Collating a reference list An important purpose of the reference list is to enable readers to locate sources. Therefore details must be correct and complete. Each in-text citation and the related reference list entry should be identical in spelling and year. A work is listed only once in the reference list, regardless of how many times it is cited in text. Works not cited in the text should not appear in the reference list. In compiling your APA reference list, you should: †¢ list references on a new page with a centred heading titled ‘References' †¢ include books, journal articles, online sources etc. n one alphabetical listing †¢ order entries alphabetically by family name of author/s †¢ list works with no author under the first significant word of the title †¢ indent second and subsequent lines of each entry (5-7 spaces) †¢ use double spacing. Some examples follow; others can be found at www. apastyle. org Note: The examples are separated and placed under subheadings here to show each form. In a reference list, however, they would be all together in alphabetical order with no subheadings. Book Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of book. City: Publisher.Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a book title and any proper nouns. The first letter of the sub-title (if any) is capitalised also. Example: Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , & Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care: The language of nursing. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Chapter or article in an edited book Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of chapter. In C. Editor, & D. Editor (Eds. ), Title of book (pp. xx–xx). City: Publisher. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article or chapter title, and any proper nouns. Example: Naidoo, B. (2000).Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood, & Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion: Practice and methods (pp. 99–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book, online Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of book. [details about   the format if available]. Retrieved from web address or doi If a digital object identifier [DOI] is provided then it should be given; if no DOI is available then the web address or uniform resource locator [URL], should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Example: Munsterberg, H. (1916).The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from http://www. gutenberg. org/files /15383/15383-8. txt Journal article Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page numbers. †¢ The issue number should be indicated only if each issue of a journal begins on page 1. †¢ Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article title and subtitle, and any proper nouns. †¢ Capitalise the first letter of every main word in the journal title. †¢ Include a digital object identifier (DOI) if provided. Examples: Antonakos, C. L. , & Kazanis, A. S. (2003).Research process in the health sciences: A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257–264. Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 47–52. Journal article, online Author, A. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number), page numbers. doi or Retrieved from web address If a digital object identifier [DOI] is provided then it should be given; if no D OI is available then the home page web address of the journal, or uniform resource locator [URL], should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Examples: Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care: perspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800–809. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol: Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891–896. Retrieved from http://www. addictionjournal. org/ Newspaper article Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example: Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Newspaper article, no author Title of article. (year, month day).Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example: Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Newspaper article, online Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of New spaper. Retrieved from home page web address Example: Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/ Group or organisation as author Organisation Name. (Year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. Example: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra:Author. Retrieved from http://www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats /subscriber. nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Up to seven authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , & Author, G. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. Provide family names and initials of all authors. Eight or more authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , †¦ & Author, M. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form.Provide family names and initials of the first six authors followed by three ellipses points and the last author's family name and initial. Web page Author, A. , (year). Title of page. Retrieved Month, day, year from web address The title of a web page is not italicised. Retrieval date is given if it is believed the information could change over time. Example: Diabetes Australia. (2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ A sample reference list in APA style References Antonakos, C.L. , & Kazanis, A. S. (2003). Research process in the health sciences: A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257–264. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra: Author. Retrieved from http://www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats/subscriber. nsf /0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC0018 13E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 47–52. Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , & Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care: The language of nursing. Cheltenham: StanleyThornes. Diabetes Australia. 2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. & Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care:perspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800–809. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol: Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891-896. Retrieved from http://www. ddictionjournal. org/ Munsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from http://www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/1538 3-8. txt Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/ Naidoo, B. (2000). Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood & Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion: Practice and methods (pp. 99–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Northern Territory Department of Justice. (2007). Step forward: Getting help about sexual violence.Retrieved from http://www. nt. gov. au/justice/documents/stepforward. pdf Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Further reading Details of all referencing styles used at Deakin can be accessed at www. deakin. edu. au/referencing and in printed form from the Division of Student Life. Burton L. J. (2010). An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in Psychology (3rd ed. ). Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Families within great expectations Essay

The Gargerys can be described as a dysfunctional, sometimes brutal, family although there is some love as well. The violence at the heart of the family derives from Mrs Joe. She is resentful that she has had to take on the burden of her sister’s orphaned son, Pip.  Mrs Joe is the dominant member of the family – unusually for Victorian times. She isn’t afraid of asserting her dominance by beating Pip, and, indeed, Joe either – all the more surprising since he is the local blacksmith. (This adds some humour to the book.) The discipline is fearsome, abusive, random and excessive. She may enjoy punishing Pip and ‘gets the Tickler’ at every opportunity. Pip’s relationship with Mrs. Joe clearly isn’t ideal. Pip depends greatly on his however. Pip is an orphan, and would quite probably be homeless if it wasn’t for her. Pip knows this and that’s why he has put up with his mistreatment/victimisation, timidly†¦ Pip tries to make the best of their relationship, but Mrs. Joe Gargery is too domineering, a fact respected by Pumblechook. She constantly says that she bought Pip by hand, degrading Pip in the process. There is, however, love in the family too – though it passes strictly between Joe and Pip. Joe comforts Pip, warns him when ‘Tickler’ is about, slips him food when Mrs Joe has forbidden it. There is shelter and a sense of correction can be gained as well. However, like every other ‘family’, there are uses of discipline evident.  Pip’s relationship with Joe is a complete contrast. Joe respects Pip and vice versa. He is proud of Pip for he declares Pip is a scholar after Pip successfully wrote and read a letter. During the beginning of the novel Pip idolises Joe however once Pip has achieved Gentleman-hood he becomes ashamed of Joe. This shown by his apprehension when Joe comes to visit him in London. He also deceives him as to his reasons for failing to call on Joe and Biddy on his visits to Satis house. (We feel that Pip is unfair here, however his love for Magwitch makes up for it.) In contrast Joe stays faithful to Pip, and helps Pip recover after he has fallen ill. This touches Pip. It helps him become less snobbish and more mature. Joe’s simplicity and honesty makes him the real gentleman in our and later in Pip’s eyes. The other relationship in this grouping is that of Joe and Mrs. Joe. Mrs. Joe depends of Joe financially, however Joe’s need or even love of Mrs. Joe isn’t shown. Yet he mourns her passing. Joe’s simplicity and honesty are weaknesses in their relationship. In this relationship however, Mrs. Joe doesn’t brutally punish Joe, perhaps because she’s subtly afraid of him fighting back. A normal couple wouldn’t be in this type of predicament. It also helps our sympathy being lost towards Joe instead of Pip.  The narrator (the older Pip) is very unemotional about the whole ordeal. He seems to understate the actions of the group and is somewhat detached. This implies that he is trying to hide the misery he had in his earlier years. Dickens also uses humour to try and deny the pain he suffered. â€Å"I often served her as a connubial missile† – Mrs. Joe enters the room and throws Pip across the room at Joe. It also understates the pain in a sense.  Halfway through Chapter 2 Dickens uses some more understatement.  Mrs. Havisham and Estella are a mysterious pair of characters. During the beginning of the novel they are portrayed as evil. They raise Pip’s expectations to an unrealistic level. Knowing that he should fail and have more misery.  Miss. Havisham can perhaps be described as cold, ruthless, manipulative and masochistic. She wants take revenge on all men for the wrongs that was done to her by one man. She sits in the clothes she should had worn for her wedding and is surrounded by decaying things a darkened solemn room. She uses Estella cruelly as a porn to exact her revenge. She fails to forget the past and seems to constantly remind herself of the pain she apparently endured.  Early on in the play she delights in the way Estella torments Pip and likes to keep her relatives guessing as to whom she will leave her money once she dies. She continues with her plan to use Estella as an instrument of revenge on the entire male sex until later in the novel she comes to realise she has created a monster. She accuses Estella of being hard and ungrateful but Estella says she cannot give love as she wasn’t given any herself. She tries to undo some of harm she has done by helping Pip with his plan for Herbert and she leaves her cousin Matthew a legacy of Pip’s recommendation. She dies distraught with guilt for what she has done for Pip and Estella. Estella can be best described as beautiful but heartless.  In the first stage of the novel, she is a beautiful young girl. She has been brought up as a young lady, but uses her education to talk down to Pip and make him feel inferior. Estella is cruel to Pip yet loyal to Miss Havisham. She is bitter and twisted due to the strange upbringing she has received by Miss. Havisham. Estella does not fully realise that she is being used by the old woman and that she is, herself, little more than an agent for Miss Havisham revenge. Estella has been educated as an accomplished and sophisticated young lady. She warns Pip time and time again that she has no heart and can never love anyone. She tells Pip that he is only one to be so warned and that she fools of the other men. She seems to become tired of this way of life and is almost self-destructive in her determination to marry such a brutal and ill-mannered man as Bently Drummle. Even Mrs. Havisham tries to persuade her. At the end of the Novell, she is a widow and has little property left. Her hard experiences seemed to have softened her, and she implies that she regrets having rejected Pip’s love for her. She is contrite and humble as she confesses that she realises what she threw away when she rejected Pip’s love. She feels that the best she can hope for is that they can be friends. She is too humble to expect more.   As a whole the two are merely colleagues at the beginning to novel. The young Estella is manipulated and mesmerised, yet she is too young to realise, and continues with her life as is was before. However the end of the novel the older Estella shows her real feelings about Miss. Havisham in an emotional scene. The one who Miss. Havisham has brought up to destroy men’s hearts has now destroyed the remains of hers. Miss. Havisham unsuccessfully uses Estella as her proxy and then becomes guilty. This leads to her painful (as if revenge was enacted on her) demise.  The location of this grouping in inside ‘Satis House’. ‘Satis’ meaning ‘enough’ in Latin. This is ironic as Miss. Havisham clearly doesn’t have enough, she isn’t satisfied. There is something missing in Miss. Havisham’s life, marriage. It was shameful for a woman to not be married the Victorian era. This explains Miss. Havisham’s unwillingness to venture out of the house.  If Satis House was to equate to Miss. Havisham, then it can be described as a prison. It stunts Estella’s growth. Estella is trapped inside of Miss. Havisham. She becomes Miss. Havisham.

Essay on Cover LEtter

Essay on Cover LEtter Essay on Cover LEtter â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† and Cocked and Locked† â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† by Gasson Kanafani and â€Å"Cocked and Locked† by Etgar Keret are two stories that include interactions between Palestinian and Israeli people. â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† and â€Å"Cocked and Locked† both have similarities in themes such as military presence, revenge, and treatment of Israelis and Palestinians but also the basic aspects of the stories are different from one another. In each of these stories we see mistreatment coming from both the Israelis and the Palestinians. In â€Å"Cocked and Locked† we read about a Palestinian man hurling insults at an Israeli solider who is undeserving of the unfiltered content that is coming from the Palestinians mouth. There was no reason to provoke a verbal altercation. This Palestinian man also injured Meyer’s friend Abutbul, who will never regain consciousness again. â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† portrays the same mistreatment but this time coming from the Israeli soldi ers to the Palestinian civilians. The Israeli soldiers have no respect or moral conscience when it comes to their interactions with the people. Innocent Palestinian lives were taken by the Israeli soldiers, which were completely unwarranted. A similarity between these two stories is the blatant mistreatment of both groups coming from one to the other. While each story may not have involved the same actions, their motives for treating the people badly were the same: hatred between each race. The mistreatment between each people group is different in each story. In â€Å"Cocked and Locked† we see the mistreatment starting from the Palestinian man who is throwing insults at the solider on two different occasions. The first instance with the Palestinian man is in the beginning of the story. The man is trying to antagonize the Meyer by making sexual assumptions about the soldier’s relationship with his commanding general. He also goes onto say how he had sexual intercourse with the soldier’s mother, sister, and his friend Abutbul. The mistreatment coming form the Palestinian man is emotional and verbal abuse compared to the mistreatment in â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† which was physical abuse. The physical abuse that took place in â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† is coming from the Israeli soldiers towards the Palestinian people, which consisted of the shooting of Abu Uthman’s daughter and wife. Both of these deaths were unwarranted and quite frankly did not need to happen. These two instances show the mistreatment of both the Israelis and the Palestinians. In both situations the military presence played a role in the abuse towards both parties. â€Å"Cocked and Locked† and â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† have a military presence that is present and overpowering in each story. In â€Å"Cocked and Locked† we see a military authority from Meyer. After the civilian has badgered him, he aims and sets his gun directly at the m an until he interrupted and ordered to stand down by his commanding general. In this instance, the military presence is being used to defuse the situation by the commanding general. The commanding general, Eli, explains how they cannot use their military force because they would become the same as their enemy. Eli states, â€Å"But if I did that, I’d be just like them† (pg 172). This is a clear picture that these military officers are not going to use their military power for their selfish gain or to make a point against the Palestinians. Comparing this to the military presence in â€Å"Paper from Ramleh†, it is a difference that results in the loss of many lives. The military officers in â€Å"Paper from Ramleh† use their military presence to bring harm upon the Palestinian people. After the shooting of Fatima, her mother was so distraught she could not stop crying. She was ordered to stop crying and when she didn’t she was beaten and shot by one of the soldiers (pg 39). The military presence in this story was as open minded to the idea of bringing peace as Eli was in â€Å"Cocked and Locked†. The last piece that

Energy Transfer and Thermodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Hiv the past and present global y Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Sources of Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sources of Power - Essay Example According to Fields (2010), the Courts have superior power over the enacted regulations in some instances. This enables the gun to continue prevailing irrespective of the stringent gun laws. For instance, the Gun Owners Association rejoiced when the Supreme Court of the United States made ruling that was against the city of Chicago and in favor of Otis McDonald. By doing so, the Court maintained that the Fourteenth Amendment is applicable to the right to keep and bear firearms to all the fifty-states. As a consequence, in numerous cases, the state firearms laws have been reported to be less restrictive that the federal firearms laws. This decision by the Supreme Court may have significant effects on the restrictive gun regulations in New York, Louisiana, California and elsewhere. In 2008, the right wing group went to the Supreme Court and decided to leave the centuries of jurisprudence and extend the Second Amendment as an individual protection for the owner of a gun to bear arms. The gun laws in the United States are often rife with enough loopholes to make them ineffective. For instance, the local and state police departments are not legally responsible for putting into effect the federal gun law as per the Supreme Court of the United States ruling in the Printz vs. United States. The gun industry also continues to prevail due to some amendments by influential people such as Congressman Todd Tiahrt. Since its passage, the law an amendment to the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act in 2003, the Tiahrt Amendment forbids the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives from disseminating information from its database for tracing firearms to anyone who is not a law enforcement agent or a prosecutor who is linked to a particular criminal investigation. In that perspective, the Amendment asserts that any

Direct Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct Democracy - Essay Example Direct Democracy is a form of government in which all citizens can directly participate in the decision-making process. (Direct Democracy Campaign, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Daniel B. Jeffs, founder, The Direct Democracy Center, states that the problems are due to the Government being too large and too dangerously powerful. He firmly believes that elected representatives are corrupted by a deeply flawed system that seduces them with money and power to gain and remain in office, or seek higher office and that in this process it has disenfranchised the overall electorate. Finally, he states that this system needs to be altered in such a way that it will override the practice of selective democracy by factions and vested interests. The solution according to him lies in nonpartisan elections and government with more democracy. In this age of communications and information technology, the Constitution should be amended so as to establish direct democracy by means of secure voting networks connected to voter's homes. All elections would be conducted over the voting networks. In this proposed system the elected representatives would be nonpartisan, highly qualified professional government managers. To keep it honest, with no more government than we need, well-informed voters should decide matters of taxation and public policy. And the collective judgment of our fellow citizens (which could be trusted because the direct democracy voting networks would require voters to be truthfully informed) would know what is best for all of us. (Daniel B. Jeffs, The Direct Democracy Center). The advantages of Direct Democracy are that first, it would remove the barrier between the electorate and the government. Secondly, in Representative Democracy the voter has to vote for one party or the other with no guarantee of either party addressing the issues facing the voter, on the other hand in Direct Democracy the voter will be voting on each issue separately. Thirdly, decisions will always be that of the people rather than that of a few politicians. Fourthly, it encourages people to be more proactive in the political process, this results in a more deterministic future for the voter. Fifthly, it curbs the power of the elite. Sixthly, the practice of elected representatives following the diktats of party leaders and civil servants to the detriment of the voter will cease. Seventhly, quid - pro - quo transactions between the elected representatives and the rich and powerful pressure groups will cease altogether. Eighthly, thorny and uncomfortable issues which elected represen tatives would do anything to avoid, will be addressed by this system. Ninthly, there would be control on governmental tendencies running towards the dictatorial. And finally, the system of Direct Democracy is more democratic. (Direct Democracy Campaign). The disadvantages of Direct Democracy are that: first, all citizens must be actively involved on all issues all of the time. For very large population groups, it might become well nigh impossible to do so. Secondly, the public generally gives only superficial attention to political issues and is thus susceptible to charismatic arguments. Thirdly, the decision of all or most matters